Midi Serial

Midi Serial

Amiga 1200

Popularity

Although it was a significant upgrade, the A1200 proved not to be as popular as the earlier Amiga 500, although it was the 2nd most popular Amiga model released. Reasons why it was not as popular as the Amiga 500 include:

While its Advanced Graphics Architecture graphics capabilities stood up well in comparison to the competition, when compared to VGA and its emerging extensions, the Amiga no longer commanded the lead it had in earlier times.

The Amiga's custom chips cost more to produce than the commodity chips utilized in PCs, making the A1200 more expensive, relative to PCs, than earlier Amiga models.[citation needed]

Fewer retailers carried the A1200, especially in the United States.

Fourth generation console gaming systems were less expensive and almost as capable at gaming, which had been a major use of the Amiga 500.

The Amiga 1200 received bad press for being incompatible with a number of Amiga 500 games.

Some industry commentators felt a 68020 CPU was too old and slow to be competitive, and that the machine should have been fitted with at least an '030. Complaints were also made about the capabilities of the AGA chipset. Commodore had earlier been first working on a much improved version of the original Amiga chipset, codenamed "AAA", but when that fell behind they'd rushed out the much less improved AGA found on the A1200/A4000/CD32 units.

While Commodore never released any official sales figures, Commodore Frankfurt gave a figure of 95 thousand Amiga 1200 systems sold in Germany.

Technical information

Processor and RAM

The A1200 utilized the Motorola MC68EC020 CISC CPU (roughly five times faster than the 68000 processor in the A500). It is noteworthy that, like the 68000, the 68EC020 had a 24-Bit address space; allowing for a theoretical maximum of 16 MB of memory.

It shipped with 2 MB of Chip RAM. Chip RAM could not be expanded beyond those 2 MB, but an additional 8 MB of Fast RAM could be added through use of the trapdoor expansion slot. Adding Fast RAM increased a stock A1200's speed by approximately double (~2.26x).

Later, various accelerators featuring 68020, 68030, 68040, 68060 and PowerPC processors were made available by third parties. Such accelerators did not only have faster CPUs but also more and faster memory (on the most expensive boards 256 MB on two 128 MB SIMMs), real time clocks, IDE and SCSI ports and video cards.

Graphics and sound

The A1200 shipped with Commodore's third-generation chipset, the Advanced Graphics Architecture or AGA. As the name implies, the AGA chipset had superior graphical abilities in comparison with the earlier chipsets.

The A1200's faster CPU also allowed for higher sampling rates for sound playback, however the basic sound hardware was not upgraded and remains identical to the original Amiga 1000.

Peripherals and expansion

The A1200 featured Amiga compatible connectors including two DE9M ports for joysticks, mice, and light pens, a standard 25-pin RS-232 serial port and a 25-pin Centronics parallel port. As a result the A1200 was compatible with many existing Amiga peripherals, such as external floppy disk drives, MIDI interfaces, sound samplers and video digitizers. It was also designed to be able to house a 2,5" inch HDD internally, but it was possible to mount a 3.5inch HDD inside the 1200 if a little brute force was used.

Like the earlier Amiga 600 the A1200 featured a PCMCIA Type II slot and an internal 44-pin ATA interface both most commonly seen on laptop computers. In addition the A1200 featured a 32-bit CPU/RAM expansion slot and a feature unique to the A1200, the so called 'clock port'.

The clock port was a remnant of an abandoned design feature for addition of internal RAM and a real time clock. Later, third-party developers put it to use by creating an array of expansions for the A1200, such as, high performance I/O cards, audio cards and even a USB controller.

The 16-bit PCMCIA Type II interface allowed use of a number of compatible peripherals available for the laptop market, though only 16-bit (Type II) PCMCIA cards are hardware compatible, newer 32-bit PC Card or CardBus peripherals are incompatible. The PCMCIA implementation is almost identical to the one featured on the earlier A600. A number of Amiga peripherals were released by third-party developers for this connector including SRAM cards, CD-ROM controllers, SCSI controllers, network cards, sound samplers and video digitizers. Later, a number of compatible laptop peripherals have been made to operate with this port including, serial modems, wired and wireless network cards and CompactFlash adaptors.

One problematic factor for expanding the A1200 was the rather limited 23 watt power supply. Hard disks and even external floppy drives could stress the power supply leading to system instability. The problem could be mitigated by replacing the default power supply with a higher rated supply, such as the one supplied with the A500.

If one was willing to forgo the A1200's form-fitting desktop case in exchange for further expansion options it was possible to re-house the hardware into alternate casing. Several third-party developers built and supplied kits to 'tower up' the A1200 and in essence convert it to a 'big box' Amiga. These expansion kits allowed use of PC AT Keyboards, hard disk bays, CD-ROM drives, and Zorro II , Zorro III and PCI expansion slots. Such expansion slots made it possible to use devices not originally intended for the A1200, such as, graphic, sound and network cards.

The revision of the A1200 manufactured by Escom was fitted with PC-based 'High Density' floppy disk drives that had been downgraded to Double Density drives. This resulted in some software incompatibility (PC style drives do not supply a "ready" signal, which signals if there is a floppy in the disk drive.) Escom released a free circuit upgrade to correct this issue.

Operating System

The first incarnation of the A1200 shipped with AmigaOS 3.0, consisting of Workbench 3.0 and Kickstart 3.0 (revision 39.106), which together provided standard single-user operating system functionality and support for the built-in hardware. The later Amiga Technologies/Escom models shipped with AmigaOS 3.1 and Kickstart 3.1, though earlier A1200 models could be upgraded by installing compatible Kickstart 3.1 ROM chips. The later AmigaOS 3.5 and 3.9 releases were A1200 compatible as pure software updates requiring Kickstart 3.1.

AmigaOS 4, a PowerPC native release of the operating system, can be used with the A1200 provided compatible PowerPC hardware is installed. Likewise, MorphOS, an alternative Amiga specific operating system can be used with this hardware.

Variants of platform-independent operating systems such as Linux and BSD can also be used with the A1200.

Specifications

CPU: Motorola 68EC020 at 14.32 MHz (NTSC) or 14.18 MHz (PAL)

Chipset: AGA (Advanced Graphics Architecture)

Video:

24-bit color palette (16.8 Million colors)

Up to 256 on-screen colors in indexed mode

262,144 on-screen colors in HAM-8 mode

Resolutions of up to 1024768i 1280512i (more with overscan)

HSync rates of 15.60-31.44 kHz

Audio (Paula):

4 voices / 2 channels (Stereo)

8-bit resolution / 6-bit volume per voice

Maximum DMA sampling rate of 2856 kHz (depending on video mode in use)

Memory:

512 kB Kickstart ROM

2 MB Amiga Chip RAM

Up to 8 MB of Fast RAM in the expansion slot without CPU upgrade

Up to 256 MB of Fast RAM in the expansion slot with CPU upgrade

Removable Storage:

3.5" DD floppy disk drive, capacity 880 kB

Internal Storage:

ATA-Controller supporting PIO-2 transfer mode[clarification needed]

Input/Output connections:

Analogue RGB video out (DB-23M)

Composite video out (RCA)

RF audio/video out (RCA)

Audio out (2 RCA)

2 Mouse/Joypad ports (DE9)

RS-232 serial port (DB-25M)

Centronics style parallel port (DB-25F)

Floppy disk drive port (DB-23F)

16-bit Type II PCMCIA slot

150 pin local expansion port (trapdoor)

Clockport

Other characteristics

Weight: 3.6 kg (8 lb).

Size: 24.1 cm deep, 47.0 cm wide, 7.62 cm high (9.5" 18.5" 3")

Integrated keyboard with 96 keys (including 10 function keys and a numeric keypad)

Operating System:

AmigaOS 3.0 or 3.1. (Kickstart 3.0-3.1/Workbench 3.0-3.1)

Advantages over the low-cost Amiga 600

AGA graphics chipset

24-Bit color palette (12-Bit on A600)

HAM-8 and 8-Bit color modes

Improved sprite graphics

Faster graphics performance

2 MB of Amiga Chip RAM by default

Faster CPU (68EC020 vs 68000)

Expansion slot and clock port

Numeric keypad

Bundled Software

Software officially bundled with the A1200 included Deluxe Paint IV AGA (2D image and animation editor) and Final Copy (word processor). The Amiga Technologies/Escom version was bundled with applications, such as, Scala (multimedia authoring software) and Wordworth (word processor).

See also

Amiga models and variants

References

^ Amiga Format "New Amiga 1200" (Issue 41, December 1992)

^ "Commodore Amiga 1200". http://www.amigahistory.co.uk/a1200.html. Retrieved 30 November 2009. 

^ "Chronological History of Commodore Computer". http://www.commodore.ca/history/company/chronology_portcommodore.htm. Retrieved 30 November 2009. 

^ a b Gareth Knight. "Commodore-Amiga Sales Figures". http://www.amigahistory.co.uk/sales.html. Retrieved 30 November 2009. 

^ "Amiga Magic bundle". http://www.amigahistory.co.uk/amigamagic.html. Retrieved 30 November 2009. 

^ "Amiga III Technologies". http://www.amigahistory.co.uk/escom.html. Retrieved 30 November 2009. 

^ In this article, the conventional prefixes denote base-2 values whereby ilobyte (KB) = 210 bytes , egabyte (MB) = 220 bytes and igabyte (GB) = 230 bytes.

^ Thor Bernhardsen. "Amiga floppy woes...". Retrieved July. 12, 2006.

^ Kevin J. Klasmeier. "Falcon030 -vs- 1200 -vs- Performa 400". Retrieved Oct. 20, 2006.

v  d  e

List of Commodore microcomputers

6502-based (8-bit)

MOS/CBM KIM-1  PET/CBM  CBM-II (aka B/P series)  VIC-20/VC-20  C64  SX-64  Educator 64  C16 & 116  Plus/4  C128

68000-based (16-bit / 32-bit)

Amiga 1000  Amiga 500  Amiga 2000 (Amiga 2500)  Amiga 1500  Amiga CDTV  Amiga CD32  Amiga 3000  (Amiga 3000UX  Amiga 3000T)  Amiga 500+  Amiga 600  Amiga 1200  Amiga 4000  Amiga 4000T

v  d  e

Amiga hardware (history)

Amiga models

680x0 based

CD32 CDTV A500 A500Plus A600 A1000 A1200 A1500 A2000 A2500 A3000 A3000T A3000UX A4000 A4000T

PowerPC based

A1-SE A1-XE Micro-A1 AmigaOne X1000

Amiga clones

Minimig Natami C-One

Unofficial models

Pegasos II Sam440ep Sam440ep-flex

Amiga prototypes

Walker A5000

Amiga chipsets

OCS ARC ECS AGA AAA AA+ Hombre (Agnus Alice Denise Lisa Paula Blitter Copper Akiko others)

Other hardware

Action Replay Chip/Fast RAM Flicker fixer Kickstart ROM

v  d  e

AmigaOS

Amiga technologies

AmigaBASIC AmigaDOS ARexx Blitter object Guru Meditation Exec/WarpOS Intuition Kickstart RAM disk Workbench

GUIs/widget toolkits

Ambient MUI ReAction Scalos Wanderer Workbench Zune

File systems

CrossDOS OFS FFS PFS SFS UDF JXFS

OS versions

680x0 based: 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 (beta) 2.0, 2.04, 2.05, 2.1 3.0, 3.1, 3.5, 3.9

PowerPC based: 4.0, 4.1

Distributions

Amiga Forever AmigaSYS AmiKit

Other software

Aminet Demos Games Hollywood Web browsers ADF IFF LHA WinUAE

Influenced

AfA Anubis OS AROS AtheOS BeOS DragonFly BSD MorphOS

v  d  e

AmigaOS 4 (PowerPC)

Main companies

Hyperion Entertainment ACube Systems (Former license holder: Amiga, Inc.)

Compatible hardware

A1200(*) A3000(*) A3000T(*) A3000UX(*) A4000(*) A4000T(*) AmigaOne SE AmigaOne XE Micro-A1 Pegasos II Sam440ep Sam440ep-flex AmigaOne X1000

(*) PowerPC accelerator board required

OS4 software

AMuse Aladdin4D Blender Hollywood MegaZeux MilkyTracker NetSurf Origyn Web Browser more...

OS4 games

Abuse The Battle for Wesnoth Cave Story Gorky 17 Monkey Island 3 Quake II Stratagus Warcraft II more...

OS4 technologies

AmigaDOS ARexx "The Grim Reaper" Petunia (JIT) RAM disk ReAction GUI WarpOS Workbench

Related and historical

Amiga AmigaOS Amiga history The AmigaOS 4 dispute Amiga Forever Intuition Models and variants Kickstart more...

Categories: Amiga | Amiga 1200 gamesHidden categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from May 2007 | All pages needing cleanup | Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2009
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